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Energy savings.The efficiency of the use of energy sources.

Energy savings Today is one of the priority areas of politics and dynamic development companies, both in accordance with the cost of its own production and the general orientation of government programs, which aims to reduce the load on the production of capacities.Energy saving is one of the most important tasks for all businesses that have been particularly sharply faced with businesses during the economic crisis.The technological and economic characteristics of the centralized heat supply of consumers are directly related to the topic - thermal energy.However, this is not the only factor that affects the characteristics.Effective energy saving can significantly reduce production costs and, as a result, increase its competitiveness in the markets.

Saving energy

There are many different methods to increase the rational use of existing energy sources and capacities.And the sooner Enterprise begins to introduce energy reception technologies, the faster it will feel the events that are expressed in specific financial indicators."Energy saving, increasing energy efficiency, and amending certain legislative laws."The law means the tasks of implementing measures to reduce energy costs, namely:

  • As of January 1, 2010, a budgetary institution is required to ensure a reduction in comparable conditions of water consumed by IT, natural gas, heating oil, diesel oil, heat law, electricity by at least fifteen percent for five years, which were actually used in 2009, with at least three percent decrease;
  • Until January 01, 2011, owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, which during the operation of energy sources, to complete the installation of such objects for the operation of used water, natural gas, thermal energy, electrical energy and installed measuring equipment;
  • Until May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the State, including state and municipal institutions, must adopt energy saving programs and increase energy efficiency;
  • Organizations with the participation of the State, including state and municipal institutions, are required to organize and carry out the first energy test until 31 December 2012, subsequent energy assessments - at least once every five years.

Energy savings, as a growing demand for energy and energy sources, are 2-5 times more profitable than building new capacities to produce thermal and electrical energy for the same purpose.For our population, the high growth rate of energy computers for support and development of fuel and energy complexes is unacceptable as labor productivity and salary levels are more lower than in the most advanced countries.The growth rate of pricing should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation will increase in the country if the cost of energy suppliers increases.The outbreak of global economic crisis, which almost seized the world without a trace, was of particular importance in the growth of energy efficiency, as each ruble invested 8 times more jobs in the production of extremely efficient equipment than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of energy efficient growth of the country's economy must consist of 4 parts:

  • energy saving programs;
  • Stabilization of energy prices (for which confidence and dependence should be provided between manufacturers, consumers and energy sources);
  • increasing the role of atomic and non -conventional renewable energy;
  • Developing new energy technologies.

In recent years, there have been radical changes in Hungary that require a change in approaches and psychology, making fundamentally new decisions.The most important of these is: (a) the cardinal change in the legal area;(b) continuous liberalization of the electricity industry and the gas industry;(c) implementation of national projects;(d) the development of global systematic deficiency of energy capacities and the capacity of the network economy;(e) Limit hydrocarbons.

The efficiency of the use of energy sources

Modern large companies are interested in attracting customers to reduce the costs of products.And to reduce the cost, the entire production chain must be reorganized and the efficiency of the use of energy sources should be checked.This is very important as various energy sources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.There are different methods for more efficient use.Above all, a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the electricity economy, is to be solved, meaning that workers are not interested in economical use of resources.Another problem is that corporate executives do not prepare the entire production process to effectively use energy sources.So the process of reducing energy costs can be achieved in different ways:

  • reorganization of business and all production;
  • gradual reconstruction of the production process;
  • determining the potential of energy saving;
  • Implementation of programs for efficient use of energy sources;
  • A temporary technological survey of businesses.

For large companies, energy -efficient experts are compiled by their energy -efficient programs with the involvement of experts from regional energy saving centers.In small and medium-sized businesses, energy control programs have been developed by experts from regional or Republican energy-saving centers.These programs should be in several stages:

Evaluation of energy saving potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of the energy consumption of energy consumers, workshops and the entire enterprise for at least 5 years prior to the year under review.The data is processed on a computer and the mathematical energy consumption models are created.The latter should take into account the dependence of energy consumption from performance, temperature, quality of raw materials, etc.After processing the survey results, the databases are created, including the following information:

  • Consumption of basic energy sources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolute and specific, assigned to the main product types;
  • Consumption of basic energy sources to similar attitudes, workshops and foreign businesses in the industry (promotes a situation with the energy consumption of the analyzed enterprise: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • the possibility of energy saving that is expressed in a natural (kw · h, gj, t) and monetary calculus;
  • The main way to reduce the energy costs of similar domestic and foreign businesses (methods, costs, periods of return, etc.).

Control testing often allows you to identify immediate energy saving reserves (such as inadequate electrical lighting, low load loads, high thermal and electrical losses, etc.).In most cases, control survey data is required to develop the energy saving strategy.Organizing the accounting of energy consumption.Studies show that the proper organization of energy consumption accounting can save 5 ... 10 % of energy sources without further action.The best result is achieved when an Enterprise is organized an energy center containing a central computer with appropriate software, power consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors) transmission data.

Depending on the size of the company and the values of energy consumption, these elements of the energy center must be selected.Thus, the creation of complex and expensive energy centers for large companies (metal, chemical, car) are economic and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software is suitable for small businesses.Thus, organizing control over the consumption of energy sources is the first and most important step towards rational management:

  • identification of workshops and sections that take revenge on energy sources within the business;
  • detailed checks of accounts issued by the company with energy organizations;
  • identifying the most energetic effective modes and keeping these modes as long as possible;
  • Strict quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of various energy reception measures in natural (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and monetary expressions.

Developing and implementing measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the different structures of industrial plants and methods of functioning, the potential capabilities of energy saving are similar.Can be grouped into the following categories:

  • Operational and Maintenance Strategy;
  • strategy for modernizing equipment and technological processes;
  • Strategy for the introduction of existing equipment is a new, less energy -intensive and new technology.

For example, the current energy consumption of the company is welcomed to the initial state before implementing the energy saving program.The analysis of existing capabilities then determines control data to reduce energy consumption at the end of every stage of the energy saving program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of motivating business staff to implement it.Information on the energy saving program must be in an accessible form, which has been imported to all participants.The executive of each program must know that they will receive a real reward when implementing their stages.When developing energy saving measures, you should act on PP to have the following savings areas:

  • Save Ter by improving energy supply;
  • Savings by improving energy use.

These measures were developed by force engineers.The most important are:

Choosing the right energy carriers.For each process, it requires an energy supplier that provides the highest energy and economic effect.For example, the direct use of fuel and electric heating should be compared for furnaces and heating plants;For forging and equipment electricity, compressed air and steam (if available at the business).The type of energy is selected by comparing the options and comprehensive analysis of the following factors:

  • Technology requirements (changes in the quality of the products, consuming raw materials, etc.);
  • economic differences in the design and operating conditions of equipment;
  • costs of comparison;
  • availability of necessary equipment;
  • duration required for replacement of the equipment;
  • The economic impact of the use of VER, the cost of environmental measures.

The costs of the possibilities examined are determined by the term z = emergency + Ip+ eudpzud.e - σδzITo

where KP is the capital costs of technology installation without taking into account the cost of installation VER;IP - operating costs without the energy component;EUD - specific consumption of energy sources;P - annual production of products;Zud - the above specific energy costs;I - The effect of using VER.In the case of current businesses, it is permitted to evaluate the comparison of current energy arifies if the costs of events are covered by the corporate fund.

  1. Reducing the number of energy transformations.Because all the transformation of energy is related to losses, the less consistent transformations undergo energy, the higher the general efficiency.For example, it is advisable to replace the condensed air from where it is possible under technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy saving systems.The plant's energy saving scheme is a complex complex in which individual energy suppliers are interrelated and often interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive energy supply system related to the technology and the technologically necessary parameters of all energy sewers explore the savings reserves and show them the order of implementation.
  3. Automation of energy supply units.This includes measures such as automation of heating units, the introduction of boiler units, sublime stations, and television, and automatic control of the energy meters of various engines and assembly.
  4. Improving the quality of energy sources.Any change in energy sources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfur, ash, electricity, etc.) to deteriorate the quality of the products and overweight energy sources.

The thermal energy losses are classified as a technology class;trade;Emergency.This indicator is calculated on the company for a heating season, taking into account the cost of production and climate.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of networks, temperature graphs, pressure and atmospheric temperature.